Ships, ports and particulate air pollution - an analysis of recent studies

The duration of use is usually significantly longer for marine vessels than for roadside vehicles. Therefore, these vessels are often powered by relatively old engines which may propagate air pollution. Also, the quality of fuel used for marine vessels is usually not comparable to the quality of fuels used in the automotive sector and therefore, port areas may exhibit a high degree of air pollution. In contrast to the multitude of studies that addressed outdoor air pollution due to road traffic, only little is known about ship-related air pollution. Therefore the present article aims to summarize recent studies that address air pollution, i.e. particulate matter exposure, due to marine vessels. It can be stated that the data in this area of research is still largely limited. Especially, knowledge on the different air pollutions in different sea areas is needed

Marine monitoring during an economic crisis: The cure is worse than the disease

Borja, A., M. Elliott, 2013. Marine monitoring during an economic crisis: The cure is worse than the disease. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 68: 1-3

Waste management in the coastal areas of the ASEAN region: roles of governments, banking institutions, donor agencies, private sector and communities

Waste disposal, Marine pollution, Pollution control, Coastal zone management, Environment management, ASEAN,

Microplastic pollution in marine environment

Plastic is constructed from linking of hydrocarbon monomers and produced synthetic polymers. Plastic production reported is growing up steadily each year due to its demand based on Figure 2.1. Current production reported to be up to 348 million tonnes in 2017 (Plastic Europe, 2018)

Global Compensation for Oil Pollution Damages: The Innovations of the American Oil Pollution Act

Via technology and operations standards, U.S. regulation exerts an important influence over worldwide marine safety standards. But in addition, several other aspects of U.S. law deserve wider international consideration and adoption. First, the Oil Pollution Act’s natural resource damage provisions are an innovative and effective way to deter marine pollution and provide for the restoration of injured ecological resources. Second, the relatively strict financial requirements imposed on marine transporters help ensure that polluters, rather than the public, pay if damage is caused. Liability and financial responsibility rules are not unknown in other countries. But the United States has a longer history with implementation and applies its rules more expansively. As both environmental concerns and global marine trade flows increase, U.S. experience with these rules will be instructive to other nations contemplating oil pollution reforms.Oil Pollution Act, Natural Resource Damages, Environmental Liability, Financial Assurance, Financial Responsibility, Valuation

Research on Marine Pollution Problems and Solutions in China from the Perspective of Marine Tourism

Based on the perspective of marine tourism, this paper integrates various types of marine pollution, and puts forward high-quality development solutions and future extension direction of marine tourism. Through the research, it is found that the main culprits of marine pollution mainly include the following seven points: human activities produce garbage; white pollution; ship pollution; exploration of marine oil and gas resources and mineral pollution; land reclamation; pollution in mariculture industry and new estrogen pollution. The causes of marine pollution and countermeasures are discussed

Marine pollution hazards related to agriculture

For several centuries, agricultural activity (arable farming and livestock raising) has developed in harmony with the environment. Farmers produced what nature allowed them to produce without large quantities of input. At the end of the last century, with the introduction of fertilizers, the development of plant breeding and modern techniques of livestock-rearing and crop protection, yields have progressively grown to present the levels. At the end of the 1970's, it became apparent that progress in agriculture had brought with it several less desirable phenomena such as the presence of residues of plant protection products in food, nitrates in ground water, the degradation of certain soils, growing uniformity of the countryside, and so on (F.A.O., 1994a). Some of these negative effects, due to the increased agricultural activity, may also affect the marine environment. Following is an outline account of the various hazards emanating from agriculture with special reference to the Maltese Islands.peer-reviewe

Marine Pollution Prevention in American Samoa

Most of the garbage in American Samoa heads to the landfill in Futiga on the island of Tutuila. Reports indicate that the landfill is expected to reach critical capacity in 2015. Some have started to look into advanced technology to deal with the problem, which could lead to millions of dollars of government spending. Our study focuses on how to reduce solid waste through composting, a natural way to recycle organic or biodegradable waste. Composting is a great option to look into since about fifty percent of waste sent to the landfill is biodegradable and because it is easily done with little or no cost and is beneficial to the environment. This study is divided into two parts. First, research will be done through the internet, interviews will be conducted with experts, and a survey will be done to determine the composting methods done on island, awareness of the current landfill situation, awareness on composting and if it is conducted at home, and if those surveyed agree that composting would be beneficial for proper solid waste management in American Samoa. Second, a simple method of composting will be created to share with the public so that everyone may have the opportunity to begin his or her own compost pile. Preliminary data shows that 62% of the people know about the landfill capacity problem, 68% know what composting is, and 33% of households conduct their own composting. Approximately 76% of the people surveyed practice the 3Rs: reuse, reduce, and recycle. This study shows that composting is a practical means for reducing waste in American Samoa

Marine pollution

Pollution is a big problem that has impact on all of the planet's ecosystems, including the oceans. Economic developement has been most active In coastal zones, putting enormous pressure on coastal ecosystems. Marine pollution has Increased throughout the world, mainly due to direct discharges from rivers, increased surface run-off and drainage from expanding port areas, oil spills and other contaminants from shipping and domestic and industrial effluent. Most of the world's wastes-some 20 billion tonnes of it a year-end up in the sea, often without any preliminary processing